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Elasticsearch Reference [7.1] » Indices APIs » Put Mapping
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Put Mapping

The PUT mapping API allows you to add fields to an existing index or to change search only settings of existing fields.

PUT twitter 
{}

PUT twitter/_mapping 
{
  "properties": {
    "email": {
      "type": "keyword"
    }
  }
}

Creates an index called twitter without any mapping.

Uses the PUT mapping API to add a new field called email.

More information on how to define mappings can be found in the mapping section.

Before 7.0.0, the mappings definition used to include a type name. Although specifying types in requests is now deprecated, a type can still be provided if the request parameter include_type_name is set. For more details, please see Removal of mapping types.

Multi-index

The PUT mapping API can be applied to multiple indices with a single request. For example, we can update the twitter-1 and twitter-2 mappings at the same time:

# Create the two indices
PUT twitter-1
PUT twitter-2

# Update both mappings
PUT /twitter-1,twitter-2/_mapping 
{
  "properties": {
    "user_name": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  }
}

Note that the indices specified (twitter-1,twitter-2) follows multiple index names and wildcard format.

Updating field mappings

In general, the mapping for existing fields cannot be updated. There are some exceptions to this rule. For instance:

For example:

PUT my_index 
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "properties": {
          "first": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      },
      "user_id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT my_index/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "name": {
      "properties": {
        "last": { 
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    },
    "user_id": {
      "type": "keyword",
      "ignore_above": 100 
    }
  }
}

Create an index with a first field under the name Object field, and a user_id field.

Add a last field under the name object field.

Update the ignore_above setting from its default of 0.

Each mapping parameter specifies whether or not its setting can be updated on an existing field.

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